Friday, November 30, 2012

The Pillars of the Earth -- Discussion Questions

In General
1.      
What did everyone think?  Rate it on a scale of 1-10.2.       Did you like the book?  If so, why?  3.       If you didn't like the book, what were your reasons? 
The Characters
1.      
Were you able to identify with any of the characters? 
2
.      
What stood out about each character?  Aliena, Jack, Tom Builder, Prior Phillip, Ellen, Alfred, Richard, Waleran Bigod, William Hamleigh?
3.      Any other characters you’d like to discuss?
In Depth Discussion Questions:
·         Ken Follett has said: “When I started to look at cathedrals, I wondered: Who built them, and why?
The book is my answer to that question.”  Why do you think the great medieval cathedrals were built?
Some things to think about:
How does the building of the cathedral satisfy the ambitions of the main characters – Tom Builder, Prior Philip, Aliena and Jack? How does it affect the lives of other important characters in the story?
·         Although 'The Pillars of the Earth' is fiction, it includes some real-life characters and incidents from history, such as King Stephen at the battle of Lincoln, and the murder of Thomas Becket. Why does the author mix fact and fiction like this?
Some things to think about:
Are the factual scenes told from the point of view of the real-life characters, or the fictional ones? Are the fictional characters major or minor players in the big historical events of the time?
 
·         Women were second-class citizens in medieval society and the church. Is this accurately reflected in 'The Pillars of the Earth'?
Some things to think about:
What attitudes to women are shown by Prior Philip and William Hamleigh? How do Agnes, Ellen and Aliena respond to society’s expectations?
 
·         Some readers have said that they look at medieval churches with new eyes after reading 'The Pillars of the Earth'. Do you think you will do the same?
Some things to think about:
In the book, churches are usually viewed through the eyes of a builder. How does this affect your understanding of the architecture?
 
·         Ken Follett has said: “I’m not a very spiritual person. I’m more interested in the material problems of building a cathedral.” Is 'The Pillars of the Earth' a spiritual book?
Some things to think about:
What motivates Prior Philip? What does Tom say at the beginning of Chapter 5, when Philip asks him why he wants to be master builder? In Chapter 16, why does Philip ask Remigius to come back to the priory?

Friday, October 26, 2012

Frania by Dorota Ponikiewska

FRANIA
Days when the bedding was changed in the house were, for Lena and her cousin Stefek, one of the most interesting of the year. They could freely jump on messy beds, roll in quilts, prowl under the bed in the kitchen and pull straws out of the holes in the mattresses. The day before, Aunt and Grandmother pulled the wooden washtub from the attic, shredded grey soap on a potato grater and brought fresh straw to the hall. The next day, around five in the morning, fire roared in the kitchen stove, and the red-hot iron plate rattled with soap in the pot. Grandmother, as every day, was the first on her feet milking the cows, tossing manure out of the barn and feeding pigs. Around six, the rest of the family dragged out of their beds yawning. Grandmother and Aunt, humming religious songs, stripped the pillows and quilts throwing naked duvets on the floor. Later they hung them on the rounded railing of the fence. Aunt trotted after them with a long stick and smacked their pink feathery bodies. Echos carried thumping sounds into the forest. Meanwhile, Stefek  crawled under the couch in the kitchen, where there were drying  tattered shoes, old field clothes, the remains of broken stools, empty spools, threads, boxes, scraps of leather, straps and other necessities "just in case stuff."  Panting, he blindly groped through the dirty cracks in the floor boards. Sometimes there was something interesting in the dust: coins, candy wrappers, balls of wool, buttons, crumpled pieces of newspapers, empty boxes of shoe polishes, hair clips, and even half-crushed cigarettes. All the treasures wandered into the pocket of his pants, and then, in the attic, after thorough examination, the more valuable ones were stored in the secret box under a thatched roof.     
Lena was too scared to crawl under the bed. All morning she was pulling long straws from holes in the mattress and setting them on the hot stove. She stared without blinking at the smoldering stumps of the dry stems that slowly changed into limply ashen twigs. And when no one was in the kitchen, she opened the stove door to place rolled pieces of paper, dry leaves or tads of old rags on the burning logs.
Aunt and Grandmother having stripped the beds, now were shoving linens into the soapy bath. Every few minutes one of them stirred the wash with a wooden club, which normally was used to mash potatoes for pigs. In the kitchen, sleeping room, stable, barn, and even in the attic you could smell the sweet fragrance of suds, which bubbled and spilled from under the crooked lids and ran down the tub like yellow rivulets, pooled on the hot stove and vaporized into little milky clouds.  Early in the afternoon, just after a meal, Aunt and Grandmother dragged out hot linen   into a wooden tub, and then, after wringing out extra water, packed them in buckets and carried them to the river to rinse.
 Even in the gray autumn and winter days, one could see barefoot women standing knee high in cold water drowning linen in blistering waves of Targoszowski stream. And later, rinsed, white linen hung on clothlines in the orchards. Throughout the afternoon, and sometimes through the night and the next day, white sheets and pillowcases looked like dancing ghosts.
In the evenings, Lena froze at the attic window and stared at the eerie ballet in the garden. Then, after burrowing herself in the hay, she dreamed that the linen ghosts break off the leash and fly over the treetops of the orchard and above the Kapalowa hill, up the cemetery in Krzeszow, where dark clouds had hidden the entrance to heaven.
 One April day, just before Easter, at Grandmother’s home arrived a green van with a Zywiec license plate. People from the nearby houses had already gathered along the uneven path connecting the main road with the village. Before the driver and Wladek managed to get out from the cab, they were all waiting there: Manka, Bania, Bartek, Franek, Jagnyska and Michal. In the silence of contemplation, they watched as Wladek and the driver unloaded from the van a huge cardboard box and carefully carried it to the porch. They could hear the clink of sliding buckets, slamming the hallway door, then squeaks of moved cupboard, and finally a loud crump on a wooden floor. After a few minutes, the driver and Wladek returned to the backyard talking quietly. For a while, both stood at the door of the porch smoking their cigarettes. People standing at the fence could not hear their whispers.Alpha
 Manka, who had to know about everything that was going in the village, was the first one to speak up.   She fixed her kerchief on her head and slowly walked toward Wladek.
- And what did you buy that you had to lease a van to haul it home? – She asked, loudly, so that others could hear it.
Wladek stared down at this small woman standing in front of him and instead of answering, dragged on his cigarette.
- Sure he must have bought a new dresser or a new pickling barrel - Commented Bartek from the stable door.
- No, can’ be Bartek, pickling barrels are sold without boxes.  No one needs a van to bring just a wooden barrel. No way! - said Bania. - It must be something special.  It must be a new chaff-cutter or new cupboard for their sleeping room. Well, Wladek, bring out, what did you get?
Wladek did not answer. He continued smoking, probing the puzzled bystanders with his grey eyes.  Only after his rubber boots had crushed thrown to the ground cigarette, he coughed, spat, aligned his hat on his head and walked up to the crowd.
- I got myself a coffin, just in case…it’s good to have one near-by – He said loudly with seriousness in his voice.
Bartkowa lurched up to the fence and crossed herself fearfully, Bania clenched his fists on the rails, and Michal, who was very religious, swore, quite agitated.
- Damm it, Wladek!  Don’t you make fun of death!  I'm not kidding! It will get you in not time and you be done for good.  Damm you Wladek!  Why do you drag a coffin in to your house, if you are in good shape? Are you stupid or something?
- The vodka must have melted his brain!  Everybody knows what a drunk he is. He drinks vodka every Sunday! - Boldly interjected Manka, but seeing Wladek’s clenched fist, quickly pulled back. Others, who just got here, stood in silence, knocked their fingers on their forehead and shooked their heads angrily.  Seeing their surprised faces, Wladek began to laugh. People listened in silence to 
his hoarse laughter, which after a few seconds turned into a choking cough, and for a moment it seemed that Wladek would suffocate. His face became red and he looked like someone splashed him with borscht. After a few seconds he collected himself and turned toward the people.
- Goddamned bumpkins – He shouted triumphantly. – Why would I drag a coffin in
 my house?  I’m strong like a horse!  I am telling you, I got somethin’ that no one has in the entire village!  An will not have for a long time.  Because se you all are doggone good-for-nothin' spongers, with no pot to piss. But look at me! I just bought me an electric washin’ machine. Shit! An’ you dimwits nearly put me in a coffin! 
Wladek announcement made on the neighbors perhaps even more impressed than the news of a coffin and funeral. They stood motionless, staring at theWladek’s red face.  Bania was the first who dared to break the silence.
- Come on, Wladek, stop messin' with us and cough up the truth. What’s goin’ on here?
Wladek firmly grabbed him by the wrist and pulled toward the entrance to the porch.
- If you don’t believe me, just come on in and see for yourself
People, after seeing Bania and Wladek entering the porch, slowly began to approach the house.
 Just at that moment Aunt came into the yard. She was returning from the field where she had been planting potatoes all morning. She walked unsteadily towards her house. She was caring a hoe and a basket full of fresh dandelion for rabbits. She was startled by the sight of people coming in and out of her house, and by the green van parked in front of the porch. She thought that probably her drunken husband Wladek was killed on the road by this van. And now Wladek’s body was hauled inside by neighbors. She dumped the hoe and the basket on the ground and ran into the hallway.
- O my God! O Blessed Mary! – She cried painfully. - Jesus, Mary, what has happened?
Ready for the worst, she pushed herself between people gathered in the hall, but instead of Wladek’s corpse she saw a high, white boiler with a black crank. Her alive and sober husband did not even turn toward her.  He took the plug and plugged into the wall socket.
- What the devil is this? – Asked Aunt, surprised.
-  I bough’ you an electric washer so you would know that I am not a bum- Proudly announced Wladek.  Staggered Aunt grunted reluctantly.
- What do we need this washer for? Come on!  It probably cost a fortune!  What a waste of money!
And at that moment she saw glowing eyes of Bartkowa, Manka, and other women.  They were looking at her with an absolute jealousy! She sighed passively and walked toward the washing machine to look at it closely. On the side of the white boiler she could see small black inscription lettering "Frania."
- Frania - She read out loud. Some people started to laugh.
- Lookin’ this! Lookin’ this!  This washing machine ain’t for Wladek, it is for the ratty widow Franka, who lives across the road! - Shouted Bania. –Someone, get her here, so she can see this craftin’ gizmo named after her!
From that day, for many weeks, Wladek’s "Frania" had become the main topic of all conversations at the country store, at the bus stop, and event at the church. On Sundays, after the morning mass, as usual, the “regulars” gathered at the “Krzeszowianka”  bar.  For hours men discussed Wladek’s purchase .Wladek, like a czar, was sitting among his closest friends, who, without hesitation, bought him vodka or beer.  And he, in return, for the tenth time described virtues of the new washing machine. Soon, the debates about the wonders of “Frania” overtook the life of the village, landed on the market in near-by city, and crossed the county line. 
Everybody talked about “Frania’’ Those who live near-by Wladek praised it to the 6ttttttttttttttgtfrrskies. Manka, during her daily visits at, the country store, hammered over and over.
- I’m telin’ you, this washin’ machine is workin’ fast - she said. No need to wring the laundry! Just turnin’ the crank and water is rolled out.  One morning and washing is done, piece of cake!
Listening women nodded their heads in understanding. several jealous ones, were chitchatting in the corners that the washing machine wastes a lot of electricity, growls loudly, splits the floor boards, rips holes in the clothes, and, what seemed to be the most important,  cost as much as new sheep or calf.  Besides, where did Wladek get the cash to pay for it?  
Wladek was silent as a grave and never revealed where he got the dough to buy such an expensive washing machine.  So, people began to wonder how he put hands on that money. A lot was said about this. Stories were circulating and among them the most successful were: one that Wladek pawned his farmland, and the second, that Wladek poached trees from the state forest and later sold them to Antek Pazur who started to build a new house.
Aunt became somehow a celebrity. Passing women bowed toward her respectfully, but silently. Only the more courageous teased her by telling that probably in a few months, she will be as rich as the Kaminski family and she would ride to church in a new car.
Aunt flushed waved her hands hearing such words.
-  You talkin’ crap!  Me in a car?  So what that Wladek bought “Frania”?  So what? Ain’t do with nothin’.  Can’t jump onto washin’ machine to tote to church.  You twits!  I’m tellin’ you, only trouble with it, more than gain. Well, Wladek isn’t workin’  at all! He and his mates sit in the house  jabberin’ nonense about the washin’ machine.  Craps, I am tellin’ you! Good-for- nothin’ drunken bastards!
Aunt spoke the truth, because everyday someone was coming to Grandmother home to look at “Frania," to pat her white, cold, aluminum belly, to turn the crank or press the black button and listen the loud hum.
For the first week no one was allowed to use the washing machine standing in the hallway. Stefek and Lena were commanded that under no circumstances should the machine be approached, and now, God forbid, do not touch the black button, which put in a washing machine in motion.
About a week after Easter, Wladek decided it was time for the official first wash. In addition to Aunt, Grandmother, Grandfather, Stefek and Lena, people who observed the first wash were: Bania, Manka, Bartek, Jagnyska, Pulala, Franek, and Kurtabela. In the morning Wladek moved “Frania” to the center of the hall, and set around it five kitchen stools and two empty barrels.  Next, on the dresser covered with a blue bedspread, plates with chunks of sausage, smoked bacon, and uneven slices of bread smeared with lard were placed.  As soon as the viewers took their seats, from nowhere materialized a liter bottle of vodka and one small glass. 
A partaker poured a shot of vodka to a neighbor who thanked by nodding his head than took the glass and swallowed its content with one gulp and polished off  with a tiny piece of meat. Then he filled the empty glass with vodka and served to the next person.  No one was rushing.  One, maybe two hours passed.  When the guests emptied three bottles of vodka and disposed of all the food, Wladek stood up and by raising his hand like a priest at the altar, commanded the crowd to silence.
The whole washing ceremony took place in silence, even Manka who was itching to say something, bit her tongue. Wladek tucked the plug into the wall contact and the machine started to growl.  All heads tilted toward the abyss of grey foaming suds struggling with heavy swells of pillowcases and sheets. A murmur of appreciations sprawled among viewers when after removing the first wash, a second load of dirty laundry was thrown into “Frania.”  At last, the dirty water could be used to wash floors. But the most interesting of all was the dragging of the laundry between two rollers, which removed extra water from the laundered items. Pulala, seeing as one pillowcase swollen with water becomes thin and limp while getting dragged through the rollers, clapped his hands.  He seriously proposed Wladek half a liter of vodka in exchange for the loan of the washing machine for a few hours.
- Give me, Wladek, your “Frania” and these rollers for half a day. I could use them for my wife.  This old hag needs a good wash, and I could drag her buns between these rollers and getin’ rid of the fat on her ass!
Pulala’s bold proposal pleased sitting everyone and probably, at this moment the famous idea of renting “Frania” was born. From that day on, every Saturday morning, someone came to Grandmother’s house to borrow “Frania,”  Following a preliminary discussion with Wladek of loan terms, men carried “Frania” out of the house.
 Lena and Stefek sat by the window in the kitchen and watched the guys, who slowly, avoiding the protruding rocks, were hauling “Frania” down the road.   They were followed by the eyes of the spectators standing alongside the fences.  Some people left their houses to take part in this event and to follow the procession. Women greeted bearers with a loud: "God bless you!”
They, however, focused on the muddy scabs of alley and their posing feet, murmured in return: "And you too, you too," without even lifting up their heads. Only Wladek, who marched after his herd, was turning toward greeters, acknowledging them by nodding his head or pausing to shake hands outstretched over the fences.
For the rent of “Frania” Wladek asked for a half liter of vodka and two-pound jess of sausage or bacon. No one bargained with him because they knew that Wladek was the solely expert on washing machines in the village. Thus, he was always invited to the home of the lender to provide instructions and to run the first wash. Here, too, the company drank the donated half a liter of vodka and then honorably collected money for second bottle. The youngest man in the crowd rode by bike to Krzeszowianka to buy the next bottle of vodka.  For weeks, every Saturday Wladek drank for free, and our family always had a large quantity of sausages and bacon. The idyll lasted only a few months.  By the end of the summer Wladek learned that Martin Gaten called BaryƂa, who had a house near the country store, brought a washing machine from Bielsko, and was telling people that  he would be lending his “Frania” for a quarter of vodka and two packs of cigarettes. Wladek even wanted to fight him, but somehow it ended with cursing and threats.
Grandmother never wanted to use “Frania”.  Many times Aunt showed her how to turn the machine  on and off, and how, after washing was done, pour out dirty water using a black hose.  Grandmother, however, stubbornly refused to learn.
-Why me touchin’ this gimcrak. If it breaks, who then goin’ fix it. Nothin’ for me to learn anythin’ new before dying. To God it is all the same, whether I knew how to use “Frania” or not. In heaven, you bnot doin’ laundry. Angels wear blue dresses not rags. Better teach the kids! They have young wits and learn fast. Can’ teach old dog new tricks!
Lena without speaking agreed with Grandmother and patiently waited for this day when Aunt let her, or her own, to run “Frania”. Aunt would not to have to show her how it needs to be done, because in the last few months, Lena did not miss a single wash in the village. Every Saturday she slipped out of the house and secretly, so that no one had seen her, followed the procession carrying the washing machine to the neighboring houses. Then, she huddled in the corner and observed the entire washing process. At night, she dreamed that she, and not Uncle Wladek, sit on a soft chair in Bania’s kitchen. Bania treats her with orangeade and apple pie, and then, she tells the assembled neighbors, how to operate “Frania”. She takes a black head plug and connects it to the white outlet on the wall. She presses a button on “Frania’s” belly and then put inside it large white sheets.
The machine starts humming, but instead of the mechanical buzz happy music is played.   On the white linen immersed in the blue water, red peonies blossoming, like the ones flowering at the church yard.  Colorful sheets swirl around and then, like butterflies, started to flee through the open window.
The machine plays louder and louder, people rise up from their stools and begin to dance around “Frania.” Slowly at first, the dance gets faster and faster and after a while all are spinning like a carousel. And Lena in her muddy sandals stands on a soft cushion of chair and claps her hands ...

                                                *
Since Lena moved to the United States, many people died in the village. In letters from her Mother which for years rotted in the basement of her house and which were never read to the end, were meticulous funerals descriptions of the deceased. Lena remembered some of the names, but she could not remember  the faces of those who died. Only in her dreams, in these strange, recurring dreams about a small peasant girl, Lena was able to recall the names of the people from her Mother’s letters. The nightly ghosts usually gathered in Bania house, and they silently assembled around “Frania”.  Nearby, on a chair stood a copper-haired girl holding a big chunk of cake in her hands. In some dreams different people gather around the washing machine, the chair looks somewhat odd, and there was a new cake. But all times in Lena’s dreams there appeared flowering red peonies, lively music, and a large swirling crowd.
One morning Lena woke up very scared. She remembered the yellow orangeade, cake, chair, washing machine, and the gliding swarm of people. But the faces of these people had no eyes, nose or mouth - all of them look like gray balls of dirty snow. The little peasant girl standing on a chair was staring at the crowd, unable to recognize anyone. Terrified, she began to shout at loud their names, but no one turned their head toward her ...
                                                *
In the hall of Grandmother’s house, between the entrance of the porch and the door to the bedroom perched old “Frania.”  It is almost invisible from the heaps of rags, blankets, old bags, empty boxes, and broken toys piled up in its rusty belly. Danka, Stefek’s wife, passing through the hall more than once kicked “Frania’s” sagging belly.
- What the hell should we keep this junk?! Throw it to the trash or move it behind the barn. No use for this rusty cripple, it only blocks the door!
 But Aunt, who for many years did not use “Frania,” defends her machine.
- Yet you do not know what will be in the future. “Frania” does not bother me so it will stand here. Wladek got it for me and put it here in this corner. When I die, you can do what do you want with it.

                                                   *
 In Lena's house in Washington, D.C. there is a large bright entrance hall, with new furniture. At the opening to the living room, rests a semicircular pot with green yucca, and behind it is an empty corner, where for years stood nothing. Lena’s friend, while visiting her ask about the empty place. Lena does not like this question, and tells them that she is waiting for a special shipment from Poland. To more inquisitive questioners she explains that it is a symbolic object with not
so much historical but sentimental value. But she never wants to reveal what exactly she is waiting for.

-  You know, she is a complete whacko! - Danka commented on Lena’s idea at the country store. - Why she wants this junk?! If she must take something from the Grandmother house let it be a dishpan for pigs or an old washboard. To ship oversees a rusty washing machine and pay a fortune for the transport. Complete whacko! See, that's the end for those who travel aboard and make too much money. Tellin’ you, you let her, she pulls the spring of your bed and gutters from your roof. You know, she calls them “artifants” or something like that. 

 But Danka does not understand that Lena has had to take “Frania”. Maybe when she sets the washing machine in her "hall" the fading peonies on the white sheets would blossom with bright red flowers, the dying music would pick up its clear tone, and the transparent faces of dancing people would revive and become more lucent. And in the middle of the room, a copper-haired girl will clap her hands and stamp her muddy sandals on the blue cushion of the the chair…..

Thursday, October 25, 2012

Literary Evening

Last night we met at Jackie's splendidly decorated  Hounted House. We ate delicious spooky dishes and listened to Dorota talk about her book and Doreen read a chapter from hers.



Monday, October 1, 2012

"Evelina" by Fanny Burney - book review

Frances Burney, born in 1752, was a self-educated novelist and playwright. She was one of six children in a family of a well known music historian Dr Charles Burney and Mrs Esther Sleepe Burney. Frances published “Evelina” anonymously in 1778 at the age of only twenty six.
“Evelina” brought her immediate recognition and fame. In fact Burney’s novels had major influence on writing of Jane Austen and William Makepeace Thackeray.
“Evelina” was written as an epistolary novel. It describes English upper classes as well as middle class society as seen through the eyes of a seventeen -year -old girl. The book is a keen satire on male-centered English society in which a woman is exposed to many forms of male oppression as well as social hypocrisy.
“Evelina” is a legitimate, although unacknowledged daughter of British aristocrat. She is brought up in obscurity of rural seclusion, until a series of fateful events bring her out into the spotlight of London society as well as fashionable resort of Hotwells.
During our discussion of the book we noticed how remarkably sexist and hypocritical British society of late 18th century was. Evelina had nobody to guide her in London, so she had to learn on her own how to navigate the high society in which she had found herself. We were surprised that her adopted father and protector Villars did not come to her rescue personally when she wrote to him of her struggles and perils in which she found herself. Instead he would send her letters with the words of encouragement and praise. We compared Mr. Smith with Sir Clement and found that they were both unscrupulous although Evelina obviously preferred Sir Clement as more refined and of better breeding. Evelina was partial to Lord Orville whom she met at her first ball and who was the most chivalrous of the men who fell in love with her.
In the end Evelina’s father accepts her for his rightful daughter. Lord Orville proposes marriage and the story ends happily.
In our discussion we also noticed other supporting characters such as Captain Mirvan and Madame Duval. Captain Mirvan was bent on humiliating a hurting Madame Duval. It appeared that the other characters in the story were more or less aware of the elaborate and cruel pranks he was playing on poor Madame Duval yet nobody tried to stop him except for Evelina. Captain Mirvan appears as a heartless and cruel person who took particular dislike to foreigners especially if they were French.
Overall most of us found the book well written and entertaining although some of us thought that language was somewhat trying and not easy to read. We gave it 4.250 stars.

Saturday, September 15, 2012

"Evelina" discussion questions


1 Describe Evelina's behavior and feelings at her first ball. What does she learn here and how serious are her mistakes in etiquette? (1.11). What assumptions and values inform the society at the ball?
2 How does Evelina use her letters not simply to communicate to Villars but also to resolve her conflicts and to express/discover what she thinks and feels. Can you offer some examples of this?
3 What do you think of Sir Clement Willoughby and of Evelina's responses to him at the ridotto? (1.13)
4 What are Burney’s attitudes towards Sir Clement at this point--what is his function in the novel?
5 Villars writes of his pleasure over Evelina's mistakes rather than her attempt to adopt fashionable manners (1.15). What do you think of his attitude?
6 Why do you think Burney has Capt. Mirvan and Mme. Duval in the novel? What values, ideas, and emotions can the author express through these characters?
7 How does Evelina describe Lord Orville and why? (1.18)
8 What do you think of Evelina's attitude toward the Branghtons' ignorance at the opera? (1.21)
9  Lady Howard supports Mme. Duval's desire to sue Sir John Belmont over Evelina's inheritance. What do you think of Villars' response to this idea and his wishes for Evelina? (1.28)
10  Has Evelina learned how to deal with Sir Clement yet? (2.3) What's so difficult about her situation?
11 What does Evelina's comparison of Mr. Smith to Sir Clement reveal about her values? (2.11)
12 What expectations and plot developments does Macartney's letter to Evelina introduce? (2.20)
13  Evelina gets lost at Marybone gardens (2.21). Two women accompany her back to her party--what are these women doing in the novel?
14 Keep track of Mrs. Selwyn's behavior and Evelina's evaluation of it. What is Mrs. Selwyn's purpose in the novel? What does she represent and how is she useful to the author? See, for example, her treatment of Lord Merton and Mr. Coverley (3.1) or her assessment of Mrs. Beaumont (3.3) or her arguments with Lovel and Coverley (3.3).
14 What do Evelina's confusions over telling Orville about Macartney suggest about her ability to act and to think with relative freedom or independence?
15 What are the two old women racers doing in this novel? (3.7)
16 What is Capt. Mirvan's taunting of Lovel doing in this work? (3.21)
17 What does Villars sound like he's about to do in the novel's final letter from him to Evelina? (3.22)
18 Consider the novel’s subtitle: When does a young lady enter the world, what world does she enter, and why was she not in that world before?
19 What is the novel’s representation of an urban world of leisure pursuits and consumer commodities? Is this a world of rational progress and egalitarian possibilities, or one of luxury, self-indulgence, decadence, and the breakdown of more traditional social and moral order?
20 What is the novel’s interest in violence as well as domestic serenity? What is the relationship of this violence to the rapid expansion of urban centers and the growth of English commitment to military conquest and dominance in international trade?
21 What is Evelina’s place, function, position in relation to two common cultural narratives about female life: the importance of youthful, feminine innocence (perhaps in opposition to public life) and the inevitability of marriage as women’s fate?

Sunday, July 29, 2012

'Unbroken' -book review by Kathy Nitz

Unbroken:  A WWII Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption
Laura Hillenbrand


This is an inspring, true story of Louis Zamperini’s fight for survival during WWII.  Hillenbrand takes us through Zamperini’s defiant boyhood, his adolescent and young adults years as a runner, training and competing in the Olympics, his time in WWII as an airman, the brutality he endured as a prisoner of war under the Japanese, and his return home battling the demons from his past. The book is well researched and documented and told from the narration of a journalist. Our group thought Hillenbrand chose this style, as it may reflect the emotional detachment that was necessary for Zamperini to cope and survive with the horrors of his past. One of the mostvivid parts of the book is Zamperini’s journey of survival in the Pacific after his plane crashes. Zamperini’s sufferings as a POW under the Bird are some of the most brutal scenes in the book.  While some in our group felt that this would not have been a book that they would have chosen on their own, it was agreed that the book’s portrayal of one man’s suffering, hope, and resolve to survive was well worth the read.  Zamperini’s ability to forgive his tormenter and make peace with his years as a POW truly shows the power of the human spirit and how it can triumph over tragedy.

Thursday, July 26, 2012

Wednesday, July 11, 2012

Discussion Questions for: Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption

1. Did you like the book?  Would you add it to your permanent book collection?  What do you like or not like about this book?  The story is told from the standpoint of a narrator/ journalist. Why did the author choose this style to tell this story?

2. Laura Hillenbrand also wrote the book: Seabiscuit: An American Legend.  This book told a very different type of story.  Were you surprised at how different they are?  

3. When Louie was young he was famous for stealing things.  He mostly took things to eat. Do you think he was hungry or was he doing it for the fun of it?  He was well known and thought of as a nuisance by the local police.  Would a child like that in today’s society be in more or less trouble with the law?
4. The Notre Dame coach warned Louis that the other runners planned to hurt him during the race.  What could he have done to protect himself?  Do you think this is just “part of the game” in most sports?  
5. What was unique about the setting of the book and how did it enhance or take away from the story?  Do you think the Germans and the Italians treated WW II American POWs differently?  Do you think American POWs were treated any better or worse during Korea, Vietnam, the Civil War, Desert Storm, or any other Wars or military actions? 
6. Even after they were pronounced dead by the Army, the families held on to the belief that their loved ones were still alive.  What about the family members of the other men in the crew who went down with the plane; do you think they held to similar beliefs?

7. CiCi remained loyal to her man and when he returned they were married.  Many marriages took place shortly after the war. This led to the Baby boom generation.  Are you a boomer? Do similar surges in birth rates take place after every conflict? A lot of “Dear John” letters were written during WW II. Are such letters more common in more recent conflicts?
8. Do the characters seem real and believable?  Can you imagine yourself in their place?  How were the characters changed by the events in the story?
9. Louie turned his life around after attending a Billy Graham revival.  Do you know others who changed their life because of a religious experience?  At the same time Louie’s wife was planning on leaving him for good.  Which event do you think influenced his turn around the most?
10. Louie eventually went back to Japan and confronted his tormenter.  Would you have been able to forgive the way Louie did?  Is forgiveness a part of the religious experience Louie had at the revival?  
11. What were the parts of the book that made you feel uncomfortable? What were some of the ”feel good“ moments in this story?

Friday, June 29, 2012

"The American Heiress" Book Review by J. R.

The American Heiress by Daisy Goodwin
Book Club Meeting on June 27, 2012
The basic story is of an immensely wealthy American young lady who marries an English duke, and the trials of fitting in with the British aristocracy. The 18-year-old Cora Cash is the wealthiest heiress in the U.S., and her social climbing mother wants to parlay that wealth into a title for her only child.
Cora is secretly infatuated with a childhood friend, Teddy, who is from old money. His mother considers Cora Cash unsuitable for her family, but Cora pleads with Teddy to run away with her. Teddy lets his fear rule the moment, and he declines. So off goes Cora to England, where her mother has paid for them to be introduced into British high society.
Quite by accident, Cora meets Ivo Maltravers, an eligible duke. Within a week the duke proposes for her vast fortune, which he needs to prop up his crumbling and bankrupt estate. Cora finds that her status as a duchess does not automatically translate into social acceptance from her husband's circle.
Ivo's former lover Charlotte feigns friendship, only to set a trap for Cora.  We felt that Ivo should have understood the risk, yet he didn't stop his new wife or protect her from Charlotte's plotting. Throughout the book, we are never sure whether their affair is over or not.
Cora's maid Bertha is a sub story of a biracial servant who finds she is accepted much more in Britain than she ever was in America. But this story line fizzled out and never really drew us in to Bertha's mind and her world. We found some scenes with the maid to be unbelievable, particularly the idea that Cora would ask her for a kissing lesson.
Other characters and story lines appear and then are dropped, for example, when Cora's mother is badly burned. This would seem to be a major event, but it doesn't affect Mrs. Cash in the least, other than she orders hats with a side veil to hide the burned area. In general, we all agreed that we didn't find the characters compelling and felt we didn't get to know any of them well.
After a year of marriage, and while entertaining the Prince of Wales, Charlotte's husband makes a scene by loudly accusing Charlotte and Ivo of having an affair. The next morning, all the houseguests behave as if nothing happened, and continue on with their planned bicycle outing and picnic. But Cora decides to leave Ivo and run off with Teddy, who just happens to be visiting.
When Ivo is tipped off, he rushes to stop Cora, and takes her to a cliff overlooking the sea to deny the affair and make a heartfelt confession of his love for her. The author has stated that she was of two minds while writing this chapter. Should Cora leave with Teddy, or stay and make a life with Ivo?
Our group found the duke's explanations to be self serving and probably untrue. We devised our own alternate ending for Cora: that Ivo should lose his balance and fall off the cliff to his death (perhaps by accident or perhaps with a gentle shove from Cora.) This would leave Cora as duchess with a huge estate, social status, all her money, and the freedom to marry Teddy.

Monday, June 18, 2012

"American Heiress" - discussion questions



 1. Is the described world of Newport RI, authentic to you?
 
2. What is your initial impression of Cora Cash? How does she develop as a person in the course of the novel?
 
3.  In America, Cora is clearly at the top of society, while Bertha is very near the bottom. In what ways do their circumstances change when they move to England?
 
4.  What role do the mothers in the story --- Mrs. Cash, Mrs. Van Der Leyden, and the Double Duchess --- play in the central characters’ lives?
 
5. . Cora is always aware that “no one was unaffected by the money.” How does the money affect Cora herself? What are the pleasures and perils of great wealth?
 
6. Compare the relationship between Cora and Teddy (her hometown boyfriend/friend) with her relationship with Ivo (the duke).  
 
7. What is your opinion about Charlotte? Is she a big player in Cora’s life?
 
8. What do you think about Cora’s decision at the end of the book? Would you have made the same choice? (The author has said she was of two minds up until the last chapter.)
 
9. What are the differences between the Old World and the New in the novel? Do both worlds seem remote in the 21st century, or do you see parallels to contemporary society.

Wednesday, June 6, 2012

“Night and Day” book review by Dorota Ponikiewska

“Night and Day” is the longest novel by Virginia Wolf.  It is dedicated to her sister, Vanessa Bell.  Some historical sources are pointing out that the main character of this book, Katharine Hillbery, is created based on Vanessa and her family home at Hyde Park Gate.
Katharine is the daughter of upper-middle-class in London.  She is introduced to us as a 28 year old unmarried lady who is assisting her mother in writing a biography of her grandfather who was a recognized poet.  But she does not enjoy poetry or imaginary creativity and  in her future she would rather see mathematical computation or astronomy. 
"When she was rid of the pretense of paper and pen, phrase-making and biography, she turned her attention in a more legitimate direction, though, strangely enough, she would rather have confessed her wildest dreams of hurricane and prairie than the fact that, upstairs, alone in her room, she rose early in the morning or sat up late at night to…work at mathematics."
Not a very womanly prospect for a young lady at that era.  Fortunately, from the society point of view, she is engaged to William Rodney, a poet-to-be, with a good job at the Board of Education.  He is very traditional, but ridiculous and sometimes full of himself. And he seems to be very insecure. Katharine doesn't love him, and there are moments that she is being intolerable and unkind towards him.
Consequently, into this blend comes Katharine's cousin Cassandra, whose sweet talk and plain personality attract Rodney.  So they become engaged after Katharine and William acknowledge their mismatch.
And there is another man, Ralph Denham, a middle class legal clerk who is trying to make something of himself and who is taking care of his large family.  Ralph falls in love with Katharine and after their first meeting he begins to day dream about her, creates illusion of her and practically stalks her.  When he proposes to Katharine, she accepts it, but dose she wants to get married?  She is willing to live with him without the wedding bells, just because she didn't think it should be necessary for women to be wedded.
There is another female character in this book, Mary Datchet - a hard working woman who lives on her own. And she loves her close friend Ralph Denham, but almost in one moment she realizes that Ralph does not love her.  Even after he proposed, Mary knows that he did it because he thinks she would like for him to do so.


“Night and Day” is a very attractive edwardian romance, where reality and cynicism mix with great, but long, character descriptions.  I would say, that the first 16 chapter are demanding and sometimes, boring.  But the rest – is great.
In this book the reader will find numerous delightfully moments and emotions described as only Virginia Woolf could do it.
I recommend it very much

Thursday, May 31, 2012

Night and Day discussion questions


 
Night and Day
Questions for discussion
  • How are the characters of Katherine and Mary presented initially? How do they evolve?
  • Woolf said of the novel that she was interested in the effects of  “the things one doesn’t say.”  How does this affect the interactions of the characters?
  • What shapes the decisions Katharine makes?
  • Do any of the characters change their attitudes and values? How?
  • How do Katherine and Cassandra compare?
  • How do Ralph and William compare?
  • Does the book have a clear message? What is it?
 

Friday, April 27, 2012

Where Angels Fear to Tread -E.M. Forster

 "Where Angels Fear to Tread" is a scathing critique of British society at the end of  XIX and beginning of XX century. Lilia, a well-off widow travels to Italy and falls in love with a handsome, although poor Italian youth.
Her in -laws in England become alarmed at the misalliance. Alas, they are too late to prevent it. After a short and unhappy marriage Lilia dies in childbirth.
Lilia's in-laws as well as her old friend and companion Carolyn Abbott try to obtain custody of the baby. The rescue effort ends tragically- baby gets killed in an accident.
 Coming from two worlds that have very little in common, the protagonists clash repeatedly, each side trying to assert supremacy and conquer the other.
 The Italians are presented as charming and irresistible, while the British appear rigid and heartless. In the end Phillip - Lilia's brother in-law - realizes that he is in love with Carolyn, while Carolyn confesses that she is desperately in love with Gino.
At the end the reader is left with an unsettling feeling of futility...