On the occasion of the 41st Session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee (2-12 July 2017, Kraków), the Witold Pilecki Center for Totalitarian Studies published its first book – Chronicles of Terror. Warsaw – in both Polish and English language versions.
This is the first volume in a series presenting the testimonies of Polish citizens who were the victims of both German and Soviet totalitarianism. The objective of the series is to bring to light the experiences of thousands of Poles – eyewitnesses to the events of the Second World War – and of their families and loved ones. The vast majority of the testimonies published in the current volume were given before the Main Commission for the Investigation of German Crimes in Poland (the Commission was established in 1945, and in 1949 renamed as the Main Commission for the Investigation of Nazi Crimes).
Chronicles of Terror is the main project of the Witold Pilecki Center for Totalitarian Studies. Its online database contains the depositions of the witnesses and victims of both totalitarian regimes: scans of original documents accompanied by Polish transcripts and English translations. The first volume of the Chronicles of Terror series contains testimonies submitted by the inhabitants of Warsaw and its environs.
The book opens with the accounts of Professors Jan Zachwatowicz and Stanisław Lorentz. During the War they documented the damage inflicted on Warsaw by the occupiers, while after the conflict ended they became involved in the reconstruction of the capital (85% of left-bank Warsaw lay in ruin). In his capacity as member of the Warsaw Reconstruction Office, Prof. Jan Zachwatowicz pushed through a plan calling for the meticulous reconstruction of the Warsaw Old Town.
The following parts of the publication contain a selection of testimonies concerning individual elements of the German terror. Direct witnesses inform us about German racial policy and recount the extermination of Poles in the Pawiak, Szucha and Gęsiówka prisons. The book Chronicles of Terror. Warsaw includes moving accounts given by those who lost their relatives in street executions, and also depositions depicting the extermination of Jews – among the latter the incredible account of Łazarz Menes, a participant and a miraculous survivor of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
The volume closes with testimonies devoted to the Warsaw Uprising. In a matter-of-fact, seemingly emotionless way, civilians recount the fate of the city – condemned to death by the Germans. The last chapter contains shocking accounts of the massacre of the Wola district.
Despite the horrendous material damage and high human losses, Warsaw quickly rose from the ruins. The rebuilding effort was duly recognized by UNESCO, which in 1980 entered the city’s Old Town in its World Heritage List – even though the entire district is only a reconstruction.
The publication contains a preface penned by Deputy Minister of Culture and National Heritage, Prof. Magdalena Gawin. The unique case of Warsaw as the city that survived its own death has been described by Dr. Wojciech Kozłowski (Program Director of the Witold Pilecki Center for Totalitarian Studies) and Tomasz Stefanek (Head of the Program Department of the Witold Pilecki Center for Totalitarian Studies), while Prof. Piotr Madajczyk has written the section outlining the historical background to the creation and workings of the Main Commission for the Investigation of German/Nazi Crimes in Poland. Each group of depositions, pertaining to specific aspects of the German occupation, has been preceded with a brief historical introduction.
Monday, June 18, 2018
Wednesday, May 30, 2018
Thursday, April 26, 2018
Thursday, March 29, 2018
Thursday, January 25, 2018
Wednesday, January 17, 2018
Véra (Mrs. Vladimir Nabokov): Portrait of a Marriage - discussion questions
1 l. Schiff describes the Russia of Vera Slonim’s childhood as one in which Jewish families
obligatorily engaged in "what must have seemed like a colossal, rigged game of Simon Says"
Do you think this tells you anything about the woman who would become Mrs. Vladimir
Nabokov?
2. To what do you attribute Vera Nabokov’s secretiveness? Relatedly, how do you explain the couple’s unwillingness to answer the question of how they first met?
3. Do you see Vera Nabokov as a victim? Does she strike you as an appealing character?
4. In your opinion, was the Nabokovs’ a happy marriage? Do you think Nabokov’s passionate affair of l937 left a lasting mark on the marriage? Did that affair come as a surprise to you, or did you sense it coming?
5. What did Vera Nabokov think of Lolita? Are her feelings toward the novel consistent? To your mind, was she happy to see it published?
6. What kind of childhood would you say Dmitri Nabokov had? Once, his mother sends him instructions for the Lermontov translation his parents secure for him, assuring him that he can count on assistance at their end. What do you make of his having been groomed as family translator?
7. Where is Vera Nabokov reflected in her husband’s work? And what does her life tell you about the creative process, and about the climate in which an artist creates?
8. What do you make of Nabokov’s insistence on having his wife at his side at all times? Why did he want her there for interviews?
9. What do you learn about Nabokov the man from reading about his wife? Has your opinion of him changed?
10. Are you aware as you read of an overall shape of Vera Nabokov’s life, and of recurrent or overall themes in that life? Do you think all lives have themes?
2. To what do you attribute Vera Nabokov’s secretiveness? Relatedly, how do you explain the couple’s unwillingness to answer the question of how they first met?
3. Do you see Vera Nabokov as a victim? Does she strike you as an appealing character?
4. In your opinion, was the Nabokovs’ a happy marriage? Do you think Nabokov’s passionate affair of l937 left a lasting mark on the marriage? Did that affair come as a surprise to you, or did you sense it coming?
5. What did Vera Nabokov think of Lolita? Are her feelings toward the novel consistent? To your mind, was she happy to see it published?
6. What kind of childhood would you say Dmitri Nabokov had? Once, his mother sends him instructions for the Lermontov translation his parents secure for him, assuring him that he can count on assistance at their end. What do you make of his having been groomed as family translator?
7. Where is Vera Nabokov reflected in her husband’s work? And what does her life tell you about the creative process, and about the climate in which an artist creates?
8. What do you make of Nabokov’s insistence on having his wife at his side at all times? Why did he want her there for interviews?
9. What do you learn about Nabokov the man from reading about his wife? Has your opinion of him changed?
10. Are you aware as you read of an overall shape of Vera Nabokov’s life, and of recurrent or overall themes in that life? Do you think all lives have themes?
Friday, January 5, 2018
Red Notice - discussion questions
1) First, have you ever been to Russia? If so, what was your impression of its people, places and your experiences? Have you ever conducted business there? If so, explain your experience.
2) Bill Browder was founder and CEO of Hermitage Capital Management, the largest foreign investor in Russia until 2005. Since then, things have changed. Discuss the below excerpt referencing Russia’s investment climate from the Moscow Times (Apr. 27, 2015) that states, “the economy has slowed…” --
“Ninety-five percent of Russian regions are unattractive to foreign investors, a study released last week in Moscow found, in a sign that investment is likely to remain sluggish after Russia emerges from a deep recession. Only a few regions are managing to create favorable investment conditions for foreigners, according to an investment attractiveness index presented by Russian ratings agency Expert RA last week.
The key reason for the poor investment climate was a lack of support from local authorities, the agency said.
Investment has already fallen in 70 percent of regions," Dmitry Kabalinsky, head of the corporate ratings department at Expert RA, said at the "Regions of Russia: perspectives of development and new opportunities" conference, where the index was revealed. According to state statistics agency Rosstat, investment fell 6.3 percent in the first three months of 2015.”
3) Include in your discussion this graph from www.TradeEconomics.com: the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.
4) Browder’s ride to managing over $4.5 billion in Russian investments traversed, according to him, over that country’s transition from “communism to capitalism” (Ch 6, pg 59) during the early 1990’s (specifically 1991-1992, Ch 6), although USSR stood for “Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,” not communist. (ref: Quora, Kirill Nenartovich). It was, however, governed by the Communist Party. Discuss its privatization stock program (preferred shares at 40% of profits in dividends vs. ordinary shares at 0%, Pg 98-99), how Browder capitalized on it and how the Russian government and other officials scammed it to become “billionaires almost overnight.” (Pg 2 and Pg 60).
5) In May 1994, (PG 69) things exploded with everyone looking into buying Russian stocks. Browder’s then $25 million portfolio with Salomon transformed quickly into $125 million. He does not discuss how much money the other companies made or whether they continued as he did, but can you speculate on the amounts? Do you know of any other companies? (Morgan Stanley’s Dana F. McGinnis, ref Washington Post, Nov. 8, 1998) Who are they? (Many!!) Where you part of any of them?
6) When the Asian financial crisis struck, Russia’s stock market crashed (Pgs 131-133) and Browder’s funds were down 50% for the year and yet, he still didn’t want out. IMF’s bailout “may have been big, but it was viewed by the Russian oligarchs not as a backstop but as a massive piggy bank that they could sue to convert their rubles into dollars in order to get that money as far away from Russia as possible.” (Pgs 133-134)
Ref also: Washington Post, Nov. 8, 1998: “In the U.S. banking business, there is a concept known as "too big to fail." (Aside: remember our reading Andrew Ross Sorkin’s book of the same title about the Lehman Brothers? How do these two situations compare?) It applies to a handful of banks so big that most investors expect that the U.S. government would bail them out to prevent a broad financial panic even though the U.S. government has no legal obligation to come to the banks' rescue.
A version of that philosophy applied to Russia. Investors thought it was too great a nuclear power to fail.”
Was this a “too big to fail” situation, especially after Browder’s fund dropped 90% with a $900 million loss?
7) What did you think of the many strengths Browder used, such as the media and other efforts, to expose corruption in Russia? For instance:” his presentation “The Armed Forces of Corporate Government Abuse (pg 144), YouTube: “Hermitage Reveals Russian Police Fraud (Pg 271), the Kuzentosov video (Pgs 312-313), the “Tax Princess” Stepanova video of Mar. 2011 (Pgs 324-325); website launch of www.Russian-Untouchables.com (check it out!); detailed and reported government complaints; newspaper articles; the Senate (particularly Senators Ben Cardin of Maryland, John McCain of Arizona, Joe Lieberman of CT., and not so god Senator John Kerry); Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (Pg 299); House of Representatives (Congressman John McGovern); Kyle Parker of the US Helsinki Commission; Interpol; and other avenues…
8) What about Browder’s luck, i.e.: when his head of research, Vadim Kleiner, happened upon the DVD disc (Pg 156-157) listing all the information about who owns all Moscow-based companies, something his firm had been struggling to get all along?
9) Browder uses a most famous quote made by Winston Churchill on Oct. 1, 1939 (Pg 228) while discussing Russia’s prospect of joining the Second World War. It goes, “I cannot forecast to you the action of Russia. It is a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma; but perhaps there is a key. That key is Russian national interest.” Do you recall this historical quote?
Browder continues with, ”Fast-forward to 2008. Churchill’s observations about Russia were still correct, with one big proviso. Instead of the national interest guiding Russia’s actions, they were now guided by money, specifically the criminal acquisition of money by government officials.” All of which led to Browder’s expulsion from Russia and issuance of a Red Notice (international arrest warrant) due to tax evasion of $230 million. And due to Browder’s success with the Magnitsky Act, Russia (Putin) included Browder’s crimes as being responsible for the devaluation of the ruble in 1998, stealing the $4.8 billion loan that IMF had made to Russia, killing his business partner Edmond Safra; being a British M16 agent and murdering Sergei Magnitsky himself. (The Browder List, PG 364)
10) Now focus on and discuss Sergei Magnitsky, of Firestone Duncan, who was Browder’s representative and legal consultant in Moscow. And, …”(Owen Matthews -- January 9, 2010. "There's something rotten in the state of Russia". The Spectator.)
“According to [Magnitsky's] heartbreaking prison diary, investigators repeatedly tried to persuade him to give testimony against Hermitage and drop the accusations against the police and tax authorities. When Magnitsky refused, he was moved to more and more horrible sections of the prison, and ultimately denied the medical treatment which could have saved his life."
2) Bill Browder was founder and CEO of Hermitage Capital Management, the largest foreign investor in Russia until 2005. Since then, things have changed. Discuss the below excerpt referencing Russia’s investment climate from the Moscow Times (Apr. 27, 2015) that states, “the economy has slowed…” --
“Ninety-five percent of Russian regions are unattractive to foreign investors, a study released last week in Moscow found, in a sign that investment is likely to remain sluggish after Russia emerges from a deep recession. Only a few regions are managing to create favorable investment conditions for foreigners, according to an investment attractiveness index presented by Russian ratings agency Expert RA last week.
The key reason for the poor investment climate was a lack of support from local authorities, the agency said.
Investment has already fallen in 70 percent of regions," Dmitry Kabalinsky, head of the corporate ratings department at Expert RA, said at the "Regions of Russia: perspectives of development and new opportunities" conference, where the index was revealed. According to state statistics agency Rosstat, investment fell 6.3 percent in the first three months of 2015.”
3) Include in your discussion this graph from www.TradeEconomics.com: the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.
4) Browder’s ride to managing over $4.5 billion in Russian investments traversed, according to him, over that country’s transition from “communism to capitalism” (Ch 6, pg 59) during the early 1990’s (specifically 1991-1992, Ch 6), although USSR stood for “Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,” not communist. (ref: Quora, Kirill Nenartovich). It was, however, governed by the Communist Party. Discuss its privatization stock program (preferred shares at 40% of profits in dividends vs. ordinary shares at 0%, Pg 98-99), how Browder capitalized on it and how the Russian government and other officials scammed it to become “billionaires almost overnight.” (Pg 2 and Pg 60).
5) In May 1994, (PG 69) things exploded with everyone looking into buying Russian stocks. Browder’s then $25 million portfolio with Salomon transformed quickly into $125 million. He does not discuss how much money the other companies made or whether they continued as he did, but can you speculate on the amounts? Do you know of any other companies? (Morgan Stanley’s Dana F. McGinnis, ref Washington Post, Nov. 8, 1998) Who are they? (Many!!) Where you part of any of them?
6) When the Asian financial crisis struck, Russia’s stock market crashed (Pgs 131-133) and Browder’s funds were down 50% for the year and yet, he still didn’t want out. IMF’s bailout “may have been big, but it was viewed by the Russian oligarchs not as a backstop but as a massive piggy bank that they could sue to convert their rubles into dollars in order to get that money as far away from Russia as possible.” (Pgs 133-134)
Ref also: Washington Post, Nov. 8, 1998: “In the U.S. banking business, there is a concept known as "too big to fail." (Aside: remember our reading Andrew Ross Sorkin’s book of the same title about the Lehman Brothers? How do these two situations compare?) It applies to a handful of banks so big that most investors expect that the U.S. government would bail them out to prevent a broad financial panic even though the U.S. government has no legal obligation to come to the banks' rescue.
A version of that philosophy applied to Russia. Investors thought it was too great a nuclear power to fail.”
Was this a “too big to fail” situation, especially after Browder’s fund dropped 90% with a $900 million loss?
7) What did you think of the many strengths Browder used, such as the media and other efforts, to expose corruption in Russia? For instance:” his presentation “The Armed Forces of Corporate Government Abuse (pg 144), YouTube: “Hermitage Reveals Russian Police Fraud (Pg 271), the Kuzentosov video (Pgs 312-313), the “Tax Princess” Stepanova video of Mar. 2011 (Pgs 324-325); website launch of www.Russian-Untouchables.com (check it out!); detailed and reported government complaints; newspaper articles; the Senate (particularly Senators Ben Cardin of Maryland, John McCain of Arizona, Joe Lieberman of CT., and not so god Senator John Kerry); Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (Pg 299); House of Representatives (Congressman John McGovern); Kyle Parker of the US Helsinki Commission; Interpol; and other avenues…
8) What about Browder’s luck, i.e.: when his head of research, Vadim Kleiner, happened upon the DVD disc (Pg 156-157) listing all the information about who owns all Moscow-based companies, something his firm had been struggling to get all along?
9) Browder uses a most famous quote made by Winston Churchill on Oct. 1, 1939 (Pg 228) while discussing Russia’s prospect of joining the Second World War. It goes, “I cannot forecast to you the action of Russia. It is a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma; but perhaps there is a key. That key is Russian national interest.” Do you recall this historical quote?
Browder continues with, ”Fast-forward to 2008. Churchill’s observations about Russia were still correct, with one big proviso. Instead of the national interest guiding Russia’s actions, they were now guided by money, specifically the criminal acquisition of money by government officials.” All of which led to Browder’s expulsion from Russia and issuance of a Red Notice (international arrest warrant) due to tax evasion of $230 million. And due to Browder’s success with the Magnitsky Act, Russia (Putin) included Browder’s crimes as being responsible for the devaluation of the ruble in 1998, stealing the $4.8 billion loan that IMF had made to Russia, killing his business partner Edmond Safra; being a British M16 agent and murdering Sergei Magnitsky himself. (The Browder List, PG 364)
10) Now focus on and discuss Sergei Magnitsky, of Firestone Duncan, who was Browder’s representative and legal consultant in Moscow. And, …”(Owen Matthews -- January 9, 2010. "There's something rotten in the state of Russia". The Spectator.)
“According to [Magnitsky's] heartbreaking prison diary, investigators repeatedly tried to persuade him to give testimony against Hermitage and drop the accusations against the police and tax authorities. When Magnitsky refused, he was moved to more and more horrible sections of the prison, and ultimately denied the medical treatment which could have saved his life."
Courtesy http://www.westmauibookclub.com
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